Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has called for international compensation for environmental damage allegedly caused by U.S. and Israeli strikes on Iran and Gaza, speaking at the COP31 climate conference in Türkiye on Wednesday (11 November). The regional conflict has involved repeated attacks on energy infrastructure and shipping, raising concerns over oil spills, marine pollution and long-term environmental damage. Pezeshkian urged the international community to link climate commitments with accountability for environmental harm during wartime.