Day: December 17, 2023

N’DJAMENA — Chad holds a referendum on a new constitution on Sunday that looks unlikely to mend deep divisions between the junta and opposing groups that have fueled a political and security crisis in one of the world’s poorest countries.   

The military authorities have called the vote as a vital stepping-stone to elections next year — a long-promised return to democratic rule after they seized power in 2021 when President Idriss Deby was killed on the battlefield during a conflict with insurgents.   

The proposed constitution would establish autonomous communities with local assemblies and councils of traditional chiefdoms among other changes.   

But some of the political opposition and rebel groups have called for a “No” vote or said they will boycott the poll. They question the independence of the election commission and reject the new constitution for not engaging with their wishes including for federalization.   

Decades of instability and economic mismanagement have hampered development in the oil-producing central African country, where nearly 40% of its 16 million people depend on humanitarian aid.   

Brice Nguedmbaye Mbaimon, who coordinates a coalition voting “No”, said Chad had experienced a unitary state for over 50 years without tangible progress.   

“It is time to let the population organise into federated states and steer their own development,” he told Reuters.   

Haroun Kabadi, coordinator of groups voting “Yes”, said the new constitution does offer more independence as it would allow Chadians to choose their local representatives and collect local taxes for the first time.   

“These people talking about a federation simply want to divide Chadians into micro-states and fuel hatred between communities,” he said by phone.   

Meanwhile others are calling for a boycott, including former Prime Minister Albert Pahimi Padacke, who told Reuters the junta had too much control over the referendum process.   

“This is not fair, and it is not democratic. That’s why we have called on Chadians not to participate in this farce.”   

The Africa-focused Institute for Security Studies has warned that tensions around the vote could lead to a repeat of unrest that saw scores killed by security forces amid pro-democracy protests in October 2022.   

A central concern is that the referendum could help cement the power of junta leader, Deby’s son Mahamat Idriss Deby, who has already extended a proposed 18-month transition to democracy.   

“The pattern of delay and obfuscation echoes the long-honed tactics of Idriss Deby who came to power by force in 1990 and then held on to it for three decades,” analysts at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies said.   

Around 8 million Chadians are registered to vote in the referendum. Provisional results are expected to be announced on Dec. 24.   

The military regime in Chad is one of several juntas in West and Central Africa, which has seen eight coups since 2020, sparking concerns of a democratic backslide in the region. 

 

SANTIAGO — Chileans are once again heading to the polls to decide whether to replace their constitution that dates back to the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship.   

This is the second time in as many years that Chile has held a vote to replace its current text, a promise born after large-scale, passionate and sometimes violent protests against inequality gripped the nation in 2019.   

The first assembly elected to draft a new text was dominated by leftwing forces but their draft, which focused on social, indigenous, environmental and gender rights, was overwhelmingly rejected by voters last September. The electorate swung right for the second draft and voters elected an assembly dominated by conservative parties.   

That text is now up for a vote on Sunday, and it is considered to be more conservative and market-friendly than the 1980 constitution it could replace. The proposed version places private property rights and strict rules around immigration and abortion at its center.   

For months, polls have showed that voters are likely to reject this proposal too, but the gap tightened in the lead-up to the referendum. Pollster Cadem’s last survey on Dec. 1 before a 15-day poll blackout showed 47% planned to vote against the text (-3 points from Nov. 10) versus 38% who plan to approve it (+6 points).   

Nicholas Watson, a managing director at Teneo Consultancy, a global CEO advisory firm, said in a report that regardless of the result, there’s a chance for greater public disillusionment with the political establishment.   

“That leaves the causes of the 2019 protests largely unresolved, with all the risks that implies still latent,” Watson said.   

If the new text is approved, the report said it could further hinder leftist President Gabriel Boric’s agenda of progressive tax and pension reforms.   

“But while a ‘no’ win would provide Boric with a boost, it would not be transformative since he would still have failed on one of his core objectives — to replace the 1980 constitution,” the report said.   

Polls open at 8 a.m. local time (1100 GMT) and will close at 6 p.m. (2100 GMT). Results are expected at about 8 p.m. (2300 GMT).